Two tools help with stakeholder mapping, one of them being the RACI chart. What do R, A,C and I stand for and how is A different from R?

RACI stands for responsible,accountable,consulted and informed. Responsible implies who is responsible to get the work done. Accountable implies who is accountable for the work, that is before the work is deemed as completed, this person has to check and if there is an issue with the work, this particular person will be accountable for that. Consulted implies that someone will be consulted for the project so as to understand possible roadblocks as well as implications of the project in future. The informed element of the RACI chart implies that important stakeholders need to be kept in loop or kept informed about the progress of the work. A is different from R as A is the one person who signs off on the project, while R could be single person or a team who is responsible for doing the work, so person/team acting as R would not be blamed if the work is not up to the mark, it would be person acting as A, who would be blamed if the work is not satisfactory.(What is a Raci Chart? Template, example, & definitions)