ght
atomic
with as
e aver
S:
113 In,
d 115 In,
e aver-
alculate
otopes.
nu of a
al con-
e atom.
Bonding Forces and Energies whic
05 zamotan 100
2.15 Calculate the force of attraction between a Ca²+
and an O2- ion whose centers are separated by a
y many ding distance of 1.25 nm.
un Sen
taken
tance?
ements
atomic
, what
ecify?
ers for
in the
ite the
rons in
ond to
lowing
Sonod sun
ly ionic
struc-
ses?
(H)22s22p63s23p64s¹
(c)2s22p 3s²3p63d¹04s²4p64d³5s²
(02s²2p635² Th
my off
2.14 (a) What electron subshell is being filled for the
rare earth series of elements on the periodic table?
(b) What electron subshell is being filled for the
actinide series?
45-4p⁰
2.16 The atomic radii of Mg and Fions are 0.072
and 0.133 nm, respectively.
bood
(a) Calculate the force of attraction between
these two ions at their equilibrium interionic sepa-
ration (i.e., when the ions just touch one another).
plin (b) What is the force of repulsion at this same
separation distance?
BURSA
2.17 The orce of attraction between a divalent cation
and a divalent anion is 1.67 X 10-8 N. If the ionic
radius of the cation is 0.080 nm, what is the anion
Gradius?
2.18 The net potential energy between two adjacent
ions, EN, may be represented by the sum of
Equations 2.9 and 2.11; that is,
Thank you so much!
EN
(2.17)
Calculate the bonding energy E, in terms of the pa-
rameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:
No, it's not.
A B
+
"
0 5:59
ollowing
ntly ionic
on struc-
ases?
EN
=
and any
Eo between the two ions.
Calculate the bonding energy E, in terms of the pa-
rameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:
EN
of the bonding energy
(c) Mathematically determine the ro and Eo val-
ues using the solutions to Problem 2.18, and com-
pare these with the graphical results from part (b). 2.26
=
→
A B
+
r p"
2.20 Consider a hypothetical X-Yion pair for which
e the equilibrium interionic spacing and bonding en-
ergy values are 0.38 nm and -5.37 eV, respectively.
If it is known that n in Equation 2.17 has a value of 8,
using the results of Problem 2.18, determine explicit
expressions for attractive and repulsive energies EA
and ER of Equations 2.9 and 2.11.
C
2.21 The net potential energy En between two adjacent
ions is sometimes represented by the expression
r
5G
(2.17)
+
D exp(-)
(2.18)
Spr
in which r is the interionic separation and C, D, 2.1
and p are constants whose values depend on the
specific material.
(a) Derive an expression for the bonding energy
Eo in terms of the equilibrium interionic separa-
tion Yo and the constants D and p using the follow-
ing procedure:
Mixe
2.25
+
(i) Differentiate En with respect to r, and set the
resulting expression equal to zero.
Bon
2.27
+
