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1
2
3
Objective of Evaluation
Report presentation (must be typed)
Observation and Analysis (Part I)
Observation and Analysis (Part II)
Total
HCT PHY1203 PHYSICS II LAB 1 202210
Max. marks
5
65
30
100
Marks obtained
1 Objective:
To determine the specific heat of a solid body.
Background
The specific heat of a substance is the quantity of heat necessary to raise a unit mass of the
substance by a unit temperature difference. When a heat interchange takes place between two
bodies initially at different temperatures, the quantity of heat lost by the hot body is equal to that
gained by the cold body, and some intermediate equilibrium temperature is finally reached. This is
true provided no heat is gained from or lost to the surroundings. In this case, we can apply the
principle of conservation of energy.
Heat lost by hot body = Heat gained by cold body
Experimental setup and theory
In this experiment, a solid sample of known mass (ml) is heated to a certain temperature near the
boiling point of water (Ts). It is then quickly transferred to a calorimeter of known mass (mcal),
which contains cold water of known temperature (Tw) and mass (mw). It should be assumed that
temperature of calorimeter is the same as (Tw). When the solid sample and the calorimeter
(including water) come to thermal equilibrium, the final temperature (T;) is noted. It is assumed that
the heat loss to the thermometer is negligible and if the heat exchange with the environment is kept
small, then the heat lost by the solid sample (-Qsol) is equal to the total heat gained by the
calorimeter (Qcal) and the water (Qw). Thus, applying the principle of conservation of energy to our
isolated system (the net heat gained by the system is zero):
Q=mcAT
Qw-Q sol+Qcal=0
W
mwcw T-Tw-m sol sol Tsol-Tf+m calcat (T-Tw=0
W
f
W
C sol
mwcw Tf-Tw+mcal Ccal Tf-Tw
W
msol (Tsol-Tr
If we ignore the heat gained by the calorimeter, the equation becomes:
mw Cw Tf - Tw
W
C sol
m
sol
T
% error=
sol
Calculate the percentage error in
experimental value - accepted value
accepted value
HCT PHY1203 PHYSICS II LAB 1 202210
× 100
(3)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(4)
(6)
2 Apparatus:
0 0 0 0 0
000
Calorimeter
Stirrer
Thermometer
Hotplate
Metal sample
Water
Weighing scale
Measuring cylinder
Figure 1: Simulation of
the specific heat capacity
Experiment Experiment Step 5
300mL
200mL
Run Demonstration
100ml
LIQUIDS SOLIDS SOLUTIONS
Unknown metal I
Procedure and implementation
1. Follow the simulation link given below.
Mass (g)
Temp (°C)
Show specific heat (J/g°C) 0.388
Overview Learning Outcomes Experiment
Please choose one:
HCT PHY1203 PHYSICS II LAB 1 202210
12.5
100.
20.92°C
Run Experiment
-600mL
500mL
400mL
300mL
200mL
100mL
LIQUIDS
Water - H₂O
SOLIDS
SOLUTIONS
Mass (g)
Temp (°C)
XShow specific heat (J/g°C) 4.184
https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_Omedia _chem/chem_sim/calorimetry/Calor.php
2. Click experiment and then run the experiment, as shown below.
Chemistry Simulations: Calorimetry
Click here
100.
20.0
RUN EXPERIMENT
Then click here
Show graph view
Show microscopic view
Replay
3. Then click on the solid and choose unknown metal 1. Also fix the mass of the
solid (ms) and the temperature of the solid (Tl) to record in the table 1. This
temperature is the initial temperature of the solid (Tsol).
4. Then click next to choose the liquid. Select water and fix the mass of the water
(mw).
Reset
3 5. Record the fixed initial temperature of the water (Tw) at around 20 °C.
6. Now click 'next' to run the experiment and wait until the system reaches to thermal
equilibrium and record this temperature as the final temperature (T₁)
Observation and Analysis (Part I)
(20 marks)
Enter your measurements into the following table. Remember to enter the correct units.
Mass (…............ ..)
Specific Heat c (J/g °C)
Initial temperature T (…….........…... ..)
Final temperature (............ ..)
Metal
Water
4.186
Table 1: Data collected with the metal, water and calorimeter.
HCT PHY1203 PHYSICS II LAB 1 202210
1) Insert the screen shot of the system when it reaches the thermal equilibrium.
marks)
(5
2) Using equation (5), (considering only the water and metal), calculate the specific heat of the
metal (ignore the heat loss due to calorimetry). You must show sufficient working to score full
credit.
(10
marks)
4 3) Determine which of the metals listed in the table (in appendix) has been used in this experiment.
Give a justification for your choice.
(5 marks)
4) Using equation (6), calculate the percentage error between the calculated value (in table 1
above) and the theoretical value of the specific heat of the solid metal used (refer to appendix).
(5 marks)
5) Now use the same simulation link above and choose unknown metal 2 to enter your
measurements into the following table. Remember to enter the correct units.
marks)
(20
Mass (…............ ..)
Specific Heat c (J/g °C)
Initial temperature T (.............….....)
Final temperature (…....…....
HCT PHY1203 PHYSICS II LAB 1 202210
.)
Metal
Water
4.186
5
